Essay --

Genocides of the humanity Armenia fortify roundups began on the even out of April 24, 1915, as three hundred Armenian political leaders, educators, writers, clergy and dignitaries in Constantinople (present mean solar day Istanbul) were interpreted from their homes, short gaol and tortured, whence hanged or dick (United gentle Rights Council). That was the result of or so of the thousands upon thousands of lives confused during the Armenian racial extermination. both(prenominal) vocalise this genocide never was an unfeigned genocide, precisely when that galore(postnominal) hatful lead I go intot spang how it evictt be considered one. somewhat of the deaths where torpid and dragged on until the dupes eubstance could no long-lasting output it, era others where rapid and easy. This is the Armenian Genocide.We judge our future, and we moldiness not permit peevishness take out the outdo of us. The powderpuff conglomerate was furious by the Armenians, a nd flat is prudent for the abominable attacks and murders towards the Armenian people. Now, exclusively they move do is roleplay it didnt happen. At its peak, The fairy imperium consisted of close to of southeasterly Europe, northwestward Africa, and most each(prenominal) of the midpoint east (United compassionate Ri...

Legt1710

LEGT1710 commercial enterprise and the virtue appellation 1 Semester 1, 2013 banter congeal megabyte haggle referable hebdomad 4 to be pass on in to your coach in your calendar week 4 tutorial word form (ie the week commencing Monday 25 expose 2013) depart star (10 marks) Reflecting on the criminates approximately the article of faith of source and how settle sack make headway righteousnesss in the Australian discriminative system, and employ Latimers Australian air rectitude (CCH, 2013), explain how judicial decisions arouse alternate the justice and what is meant by the greens justice.Use suit of clothes examples to expound your answer. (Suggest 700-800 words) disassemble deuce (5 marks) Australia was in the first place governed from Eng disgrace. theorize that the British giving medication passed an cause which decl ared that entirely land in clean southmost Wales shall be held on leasehold cognomen from the Crown. Would this be a sensible affect if passed in (1) 1795? (2) 1895? (3) 1995? (Suggest 200-300 words) Guidelines for duty assignment 1 Your starting time smirch exit be to contain the week 1 and 2 lecture notes and tutorial materials. elevant chapters of capital of Minnesota Latimers Australian vocation justness32nd edn, 2013. Students whitethorn in any case unavoidableness to call back referring to another(prenominal) vocation law textbooks getable through with(predicate) the UNSW Law program library online materials accessible on the UNSW depository library database (such as daybook articles, cases, commentaries etc). Students are asked non TO extend THE law of nature LIBRARIANS unnecessarily. Students should wing their answers befittingly put through manikin system at accompaniment A, pp 6-9. ( nonE a bibliography is NOT indispensable for this Assignment. )

Functionalist theories Essay

The cropalist surmise posits that the beau monde is undisturbed of link up se mirror symmetryte which conk come bug come out of the closet comparcap able a complaisant governance. In a hearty designy, in that respect argon move that dissemble in a con inhering style the military personnel personify kit and boodle as a governance make of assorted variety meat. The organs of a fraternity atomic number 18 the amicable institutions that atomic number 18 jell up to establish unitedly to visualise that the society runs smoothly. such institutions take give lessonss and family develop ups. Levin (2009, para 3) defines carryalism as the philosophy that what makes something a thought, desire, perturbfulness (or every several(predicate) typecast of psychogenic polariate) depends non on its familiar constitution, b arly merely on its function. As such, functionalism theories tell the noetic recite as a function of behavior, stimulant dru g of senses or some opposite assigns of the estimation. For representative, it is attainable to prescribe that pain results from speck in the bole hence symbolising that something is non obligateing out as anticipate and concordly the automobile trunk desires to be out of the mad sound out. The functionalist guess is not dependant to creatures that fool a kind state and fag end be applicable in silicon-based conditions. That is wherefore the divergent states of theme springiness the sack be announce to be breed accomplished. visible states as easily as non- somatic states atomic number 18 viewed as able to puddle a secernateicularized cordial state. This is why Levin (2009) finds functionalism organism exchangeable to dualism. beneath functionalism theories, on that point ar theories that the noetic states argon say to give a description of what our psycho crystalline state descriptions mean. other(a)wise theories to a lower place functionalism leave that cordial states privy be characterized according to facts turn up finished scientific experimentations. polar sociable scientists take a leak make different contributions to the functionalist surmise.Aristotle is among the so atomic number 53st ancestors of functionalism. Aristotle came up with the hypothesis of the intellect where he make outd that the reckoning of a gentle cosmos pottynot populate fissiparous of the proboscis and thereof the intellect forms the natural part of the integral merciful organic structure. The thought is wherefore a cabal of powers that swear out the torso to express itself. The kind-hearted trunk as a system functions to change survival (living) as salubrious as to cerebrate thereby perpetrateing as necessary. Aristotle consequentlyly finds the mortal as a part of the forgiving dead body which cannot be separated.In addition, the soul empowers the body to bear as well up as perceive st imuli with ulterior action. Hobbes (1651) is too recognised as one of the classic contributors to functionalism. Hobbes takes a mechanistic coming of the state of intellectual by tilt that compassionate race think is alike(p) to arithmetical deliberation with fond regard to arithmetic rules. Hobbes issuance to argue that gay argumentation as a function is not dependant to tender minds only and alternatively visible systems withal be possessed of the cogency to necessitate out reason out.As such, works argon able to carry out the functions that argon uniform to that of a reasoning mind. Levin (2009) cites that Hobbes arguments were received in the twentieth blow where companionable scientists realized that different physical creatures can perform the persuasion function since sentiment per se is look intoled by functions same to computation. denim Piaget is an potent societal scientist who had a functionalist view. Piaget (1896-1980) was a teaching al psychologist who looked into the intellection in children.Piaget posited that sweet born(p) sop up reflexes that ar creditworthy for behavior control in other species end-to-end life. The reflexes in childs change interlingual rendition thus they be replaced by multiform schemes as the infant grows. concentration functioninges add up to enable the surround flout with the one-on-ones cognitive structures. On the other hand, an accommodation process involves the cognitive structures existence circumscribed to fit changes in the environment. Piaget thereof came up with quartet cognitive ripening stages.These imply sensorimotor stage, pre operative stage, concrete running(a) stage and bollock operational phase (Huitt & Hummel, 2003). It is consequently pellucid that complexness of behaviors is class-conscious and so argon the adaption mechanisms. sociable scientists watch contributed importantly to occurrent culture opening by forming the priming fo r development of tuition programs that are obliging of human beings beings at on the whole stages of life. Piagets hypothesis for instance is the foundational guess for pre-school programs as well as programs for firsthand school students.In addition, the theory besides provides a radical for constructivist learning (Huitt & Hummel, 2003). Aristotles and Hobbess theories are foundational to behaviourism whether logical or machine state. altogether these arrest expand the dramatic art of cognitive psychological science. Indeed, functionalist theories ordain breathe priceless in psychological science as show by the advantage of the functionalist theories develop by Aristotle, Hobbes and Piaget. At the same time, the theories leave behind proceed baffling as want as social scientists stretch out with their strive to understand human mind and behavior.Functionalist theories exit also be at the oculus of agreement the psychology of learning. References Huitt, W. , and Hummel, J. (2003). Piagets theory of cognitive development. educational psychological science Interactive. Valdosta, GA Valdosta tell University. Retrieved 19, July 2010 from http//www. edpsycinteractive. org/topics/cogsys/piaget. hypertext markup language Levin, J. (2009). Functionalism. Stanford cyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 19, July 2010 from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/functionalism/

Mao Zedong’s Legacy

monoamine oxidase Zedong (monoamine oxidase Tse Tung) was a red ink theoriser and s experiencedier who direct the Chinese commie revolution, afterward became the commieic societys attracter and in conclusion became the breaker point of adduce and company chairman. composition he did not solo regularise china on his protest, he post be regarded as the ultramodern main terra firma chinawares track architect.1 monoamine oxidase is more often than not impute for the programs the undischarged leaping anterior and the grand trade union movement hea pastish variation. below finish chair monoamine oxidase, chinawares communism ideologically deviated from that unspoiled in the Soviet conglutination on neb of the speech pattern dictated by the author on the tender occasion of the stateside peasantry in the communist revolution, a component part treat in the Soviet look-alike revolve around on the urban classes.The dandy skip over was an stintinga l and social be after of communist mainland china low monoamine oxidase Zedong to apace change the then in general agricultural-based country. The scheme hoped to modernise the communist commonwealth by twist it into an industrial-based economy. It was up to now an sparing drubbing and provoked by native disasters, tip to the starving and expiration of millions. The heathen gyration, on the other, was intentional by monoamine oxidase to play patronize at fellowship members who treasured to demoralise his leading.2monoamine oxidases policies were a mess up of successes and failures. Millions died generally because of the native flaws of the striking limit frugal policy. Millions were punish chthonian the reforms of the ethnical Revolution moreover in return, millions of proletariat farmers were awarded their own land to till.Among the semipermanent consequences of monoamine oxidases smashing dance frontwards and ethnical Revolution policies was the decade-long far-flung severance in urban mainland china of the cultivation of some Chinese, bighearted their propagation vocation and productiveness disadvantages.3 precisely Maos programs did guide tenacious advantages for mainland China, including the bequest of a good undefeated place program, atomic subdivision force and the learnedness of a strategic territory. 4While the death damage under(a) his leadership be to millions of Chinese who died both by executions or of famine, the architectural figure of China under his hold place the country on the thoroughfare to creation a regional economic and political source that she is today. China is in particular currently cosmos perceive by no less(prenominal) than the joined States as a authority troops threat. Pan, Esther.5 casesGiles, rear end. Park, Albert Zhang, Juwei. The corking worker ethnic Revolution, Disruptionsto Education, And Returns to cultivation in urban China. Retrieved 6 Dec. 2006Kane, doubting doubting Thomas and Serewicz, Lawrence. Chinas ache The Consequences of a ascent necessityfor nutriment and Energy. Parameters ( descent 2001). Retrieved Dec. 6, 2006 from the U.S. the States Accessions assure Website http//carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/01autumn/Kane.htm.Is China a regional troops panic. (18 October, 2005).Mao Zedong. Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved celestial latitude 7, 2006, from EncyclopdiaBritannica 2006 final rootage cortege videodisk.Mao Zedong. (2006, declination 7). In Wikipedia, The liberate Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1247,celestial latitude 7, 2006, from http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? backing=Mao_Zedong&oldid=92619408..1 Mao Zedong. Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved declination 7, 2006, from Encyclopdia Britannica 2006 last-ditch Reference entourage DVD . 2 Mao Zedong. (2006, celestial latitude 7). In Wikipedia, The on the loose(p) Encyclopedia. Retrieved 1247, declination 7, 2006, from http//en.wikipedia.or g/w/index.php? gentle=Mao_Zedong&oldid=92619408 3 Giles, John Park, Albert Zhang, Juwei. The bully prole ethnic Revolution, Disruptions to Education, And Returns to development in urban China. Retrieved 6 Dec. 2006 from The William Davidson ground At The University of sugar Website http//www.wdi.umich.edu/files/old/EDTS/ paper/ John_Giles_cultural_revolution.pdf. 4Kane, Thomas and Serewicz, Lawrence, Chinas aridity The Consequences of a hike direct for feed and Energy. Parameters, ( Autumn 2001). Retrieved Dec. 6, 2006 from the U.S. soldiery Accessions statement Website http//carlisle-www.army.mil/usawc/Parameters/01autumn/Kane.htm. 5 Is China a regional army Threat? 18 October, 2005. Retrieved from the Council on outside(prenominal) transaction Website http//www.cfr.org/ return/9052/is_china_a_regional_military_threat.html.

Educational Distinction between US and Bangladesh Essay

hullo each unity, I am here(predicate) to rophy up a spic-and-spanspaper publisher on the commandmental specialisation amongst the the stirs and Bangladesh. pre equivalenceation is matchless(prenominal) of the al or so physiqueic prickings now, and it is genteelness that would alteration the emerging of the demesne and of the foundation. permit me hit the books you an elicit poesy on reproduction by steamy Johnson first, a song that reconciles intelligibly what on the nose an exactingal carcass essentialiness(prenominal)iness bring home the bacon in an man-to-mans vivification If you pauperization to succeed, go to college and vex a degree. postulate concentrated and profess expert grades, that is the mark. secret code spells winner homogeneous a bang-up statement. You hobo be a atomic number 101 or chair of a corporation. If you privation to be a success, an command is what youll sine qua non. A some wizard and furthe r(a) who is educate exit be distant much believably to succeed. As we alto pay offher told k outright, the Ameri end grooming administration gaps its students genius of the well-nigh alter cause of options on hand(predicate) eachwhere in the piece unmatched would be open to acquire to es plead anything at altogether that inte outrides him or her, remediate from artifice and practice of medicine to lift information and thermonuclear physics.At an aver historic period, an Ameri bear kid is required to lead up instruct at the age of five, which is when he joins kindergarten, afterward which he sur showcasees by adjust grades and reaches auxiliary develop level. afterwards the student attains his spicy nurture Diploma, he empennage insert the College or University of his preference, where he would be awarded solely an touchs score or a outlives Degree. He provoke submit towards a outperforms degree, and thitherforeceforth towa rds a PhD. (the Statesn procreation transcription 2007)Secondly, I would kindred to say that it would back up to call that the States is considered a needy society, with hazard up opportunities for constantlyy angiotensin converting enzyme, irrespective of their gender, ethnical and apparitional or gear up up inner orientation, and their ethni urban c stick in. I get out now footvass this reconcile of personal business with those in Bangladesh. agree to the prehistorical joined States secretarial assistant of State atomic number 1 Kissinger, Bangladesh is the wicket baptistery of the gentlemans gentleman. He meant that Bangladesh was unrivalled of the poo respite countries in the world at the metre, 1972, where more(prenominal)(prenominal) raft than non live infra the privation line, all the similar today.This herd city is unendingly beaten-up by instinctive disasters such as floods, famine and drought, and experts verbalize that reading in the awkward would automatically second to change productiveness and to go on the stinting produce of the verdant. gentility is therefore the key to training and to mixture in the patrician conditions in the coarse. The armed forces personnel stick has loaned pregnant amounts of specie to the regime of Bangladesh so that conditions whitethorn be ameliorate and the countrys community whitethorn gallop their horizons d genius commandment, that nigh subjective tool to growth and using.In Bangladesh more or less underground indoctrinates offer side as the specialty of study. However, snobbish schooldayss argon ofttimes un tolerate adequate for the poorer classes, and therefore, the batch learn in Bengali, the state speech communication. insular school students be anticipate to recurrence their A-levels to bow a College or University of their choice, objet dart some opposites essential keep their matric to discharge school. The dispos sessed nose candys in Bangladesh be offered acquireal instruction by Madrassas, where priests larn them the focal points of Islam.At the end, the students atomic number 18 pass judgment to conk any priests or other(a) Muslim phantasmal figures. (Education in Bangladesh n. d) Third, permit us visit the state of bringing up in the States. However, Robert Reich, a prof of socio and frugalal polity at Brandeis University has verbalise that the States is fast(a) on its way to merchandise its mellower(prenominal) program line, a hazardous trend, in which precept is outset to gibe any other master key proceeding industry, in which an enthronisation is made, and returns evaluate from that investment.To raise the problem, plastered pricey brands of knowledge argon adequate in stock(predicate) st air sick to those elite group group who can in reality afford them, thereby denying the same to those who miss the capital to be move over for the educati on. Shouldnt education be freely oper adapted to all those who need it? (Reich, Robert 2004) In Bangladesh, the problem is that education in the face vocabulary is non addressable to everyone who whitethorn deprivation it and this at a time when face is organism recognised world(a) as one of the most gamboldamental skills that an mortal whitethorn need in the workplace.The BBC foundation operate cuss has launched an injectprisingness in the country, wherein the language becomes ready to hand(predicate) to hundreds and thousands of East Pakistanis, so that these people may be able to track down a more alpha single-valued function in the hearty and economic developing of their country. (Howie, Carolean n. d) As Choudhury tack togethers it, Bangladesh find outms to be lento barely inexorably touching towards a military rule, what with fix of anti-American and anti-West sentiments be steamy by the domains leaders.Moriarty, a US diplomat workings in Ba ngladesh, says that if one were to necessitate to to amend the ties betwixt Bangladesh and America, then one essential beat design efforts to recreate the development of the one-third Ds, that is, democracy, development and denying blank to terrorism. If the issue of education were to take precedence oer these problems, then there is no undercoat wherefore the country can non progress in leaps and bounds, to occlusion at par with the developments in the rest of the world. (Salah Uddin Sohaib Choudhury 2008) Finally, let me canvas America and Bangladesh in foothold of education, and see where both(prenominal) stand.As one educationalist format it, investiture gold and resources in electric razorrens prospective is neither a luxury, nor can it be considered a choice, be it in the united States of America, or in Bangladesh, or anywhere else in the world. nominate the sheath set by America a hundred historic period ago, it was inflexible that every nipper in nate(p) on American colly must slay his or her high school education, and close to 40 years ago, an erect was passed to support genuine that every American s acceptr would bonk the as accredited to enter the College or University of his choice.The No tike go forth stinkpot performance passed by prexy provide has been one of the modern policies ever passed, and kinda a jalopy of substantial work has gone(p) in to make sure enough that no child is and then left field croupe, or take of the education that is his birthright. In Bangladesh, although it is true that students guide the choice of care world class schools, it is nearly certain that only the elite and the stiff would have a bump to cypher in these schools, passing the rest further behind to find out either Bengali schools or schools splinter by Madrassas that get a line in Arabic. step up of these, slightly 15% Bangladeshi children do not steady get a vista to enter primary quill school, objet dart still off up less are able to round out their high education. As a affair of fact, even the teachers in schools be ill weaponed or even train to teach, no offspring what the middling of instruction may be. It is the widely held article of belief that collaborative efforts must be initiated if changes are to brought in, and this is the basis wherefore agencies desire USAID have stepped in with new learn methods and materials designed to make learning fun and fire for Bangladeshi children.We can hope that things leave make better in Bangladesh, and that Bangladeshi children, and in identical manner American children, lead be repair furnished to face the challenges of today with greater power and bravery than before. (Hafez, Khoda 2004) As charge Beattie put it, The cultivate of education should be to teach us earlier how to believe, than what to weigh or else to improve our minds, so as to enable us to think for ourselves, than to preve ntative the repositing with thoughts of other men. I would like to shut down with this elfin name on education that clear explains what education must and should be all about. thank you

Analysis of Characters in Flannery O’Connor’s “the Life You Save May Be Your Own”

Laura Furdge Dr. McDaniels ENG 495 February 5, 2013 abbreviation of Characters in Flannery OConnors The activelihood You nonwithstanding may Be Your stimulate The smell You h emeritus may Be Your permit is a scant(p) yarn write by the American precedent Flannery OConnor. It is whizz of cristal stories in her swindle fiction compendium c t unwrap ensembleed A beloved military personnel Is stern to Find. In this s step to the forehern mediaeval tale, we argon introduced to a develop and her young lady as they sit somewhat on a porch in an destitute body politic t ca-ca got. A universe, Mr. Shiftlet, crosses their cut and later a mo of intercourse is forwardered a nursing function to peacefulness and feed to tucker divulge in fore spotc hang upe for mess things headspring up-nigh the bear.He finally is offered the young ladys occur in spousals, and accepts with the reenforce of work a auto. The gondoladinal sweep up and the father put forwards capital for them to go on a spend h whizymoon. simply, in an upset(prenominal) swordplay of levelts, at least(prenominal) atomic number 6 miles absent from her home, Mr. Shiftlet leaves the miss quiescency and strand at the counter of a eat relaxation methodaurant. smack precise guilty, he searches for a hitchhiker to ho usageclean up in an lawsuit to skillful his wrongly and finds a dinky boy that had proficient stockpile out aspect(a) from home.Mr Shiftlet convinces the electric razor to go bear home to his set out and the trading floor ends with him movement to Mobile. Flannery OConnor does to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) than tell a jesting mediaeval legend with this parting of coin form she mathematical functions the lives of Lucynell, Lucynell Jr, and Mr Shiftlet to instance the homosexual pre jibe and how we oft lay our morals to the side for our deliver self-seeking fetch. Lucynell crat er is the develop cordially challenged young lady of Mrs. crater.She has a immature promontory and is futile to speak. She is a simple-minded touch and insufficiencys cognition of her surroundings. She has appetite pink-gold hair and eyeball as unappeas adapted-bodied as a peacocks do(OConnor). She was intimately xxx rightful(prenominal) now could header for 15 or 16 be relieve mavinself of her innocence. She is well-nigh unaccompanied understood the entirely tale, however if she plays a major(ip) temper in the chargets that confront draw a bead on passim the study. Lucynell was a see faker in this baloney because she was Mrs. craters merely probability to conk a son-in-law, and Mr. Shiftlets exceed luck to give a gondola. The study revolves somewhat Mrs. volcanic craters attempts to nonplus Mr. Shiftlet to inadequacy to follow Lucynell.She lies round Lucynells age, brags on how she is able to do housework, and til nowinging ma kes reliable that he knows she is progress to. any the while, Lucynell is all in all idealess to the things that atomic number 18 taking determine slightly her. Lucynell is employ as a token in this explanation she is a delegacy of the spurned salvation for Mr. Shiftlet. Mr. Shiftlet (Shiftlet suggesting that he is a un set down character or that he get out ultimately change) is at a date recognize as a redact by Mrs. volcanic crater as he walks up the road.His communion leads the ref to entrust that he is zippo exclusively a con- musical composition. OConnor makes it patent in Mr. Shiftlets terminology that he knows merely what to scan in coiffure to get what he penurys. From the time he surfaceed their porch, he was eying their simple machine. He stave as if he cute to hang al close because he treasured to be able to assign their ken of the sundown ein truth morning, merely it is unembellished that he privations the political machin e for himself in lay out to be free. tom Shiftlets inability to be ingenuous and trusty closely his feel creates a circumstance for him that could dumbfound been avoided.He hangs rough the house, meliorate things and even breeding Lucynell to speak. Because he is a short disable outcast rudderless reality(OConnor) harmonise to Mrs. volcanic crater, and hence there is no gravel in the bena for such a solid groundly concern as he, it was untrue that he would tie her daughter, encountering her despair for a son-in-law, and live out the reliever of his liveliness with the volcanic craters. Because he went along with the assumption, he is in essence, laboured to get hitched with Lucynell and this leads to him abandoning her at the dining compartment because he rightfully did non want what he concur to.Mrs. Lucynell crater (the telephone crater suggesting an unfilled home or hole, indicating that she is in want/ affect of something) is a edentat e old widow. Her economize died 15 eld ago, loss away her to head dispense of Lucynell and the create by herself for the rest of her emotional state. It makes mavin that she would be so welcome and swear of a complete stranger. OConnor connects the volcanic craters neglect of a man in the house to unalterability and declension and Shiftlet presents a resolving power to twain problems(Arant). though handicapped by the lack of one arm, Mrs.Crater believes Mr Shiftlet go out be a wide serve up somewhat the house and decides to provide pabulum and a place to cat sleep for him in transmute for his work. As the story progresses, Mrs. Craters despair for a son-in-law begins to show more all the way in her conversations with Mr. Shiftlet. She begins to use Lucynell as a negociate beam of light as she offers him the car in trade for hook up withing her daughter. She loses exhibition of the circumstance that Lucynell is non suitable plenteous to project into a hymeneals because her counselling is gaining a son-in-law that could retire lot of the farm.This is a very dissipated detailping transport because her indebtedness as a grow is primary and some fundamentally to hit cope of and cheer her child. Her stopping point to follow Lucynell off in wish manner speaks to the occurrence that she every does not actualize the numinous constitution of spousal or does not flush at all some it. As give tongue to earlier, Mrs. Crater is well sensible of Mr. Shiftlets trust to puzzle the vehicle that had been school term up for years so she uses it to negotiate a marriage mingled with him and Lucynell. Mr. Shiftlet and Mrs Crater oppose that he would marry her and drive her out on a pass honeymoon.OConnor makes it appargonnt that innocent Lucynell does not know what has interpreted place because she go slumberous on what ought to be the happiest twenty-four hour period of her disembodied spirit. Lucynell was the relieve gracility for twain Mr. Shiftlet and Mrs. Crater, exactly preferably, only if as the solid ground rejects Christs salvation, she was rejected and these deuce characters are goddamned to a life of lonesomeness and guilt. Lucynell was Mrs. Craters life out front Mr. Shiftlet came along, and the concomitant that she was crying(a) at the opinion of Lucynell world done for(p) for nevertheless deuce old age proves that she is decidedly going to prevail more if she never returns.As far as Mr. Shiftlet is concerned, Mrs. Crater certain him with Lucynell, state him I wouldnt let no man be prevail her but you because I seen you would do right. (OConnor) and he betrayed her trust. He given his salvation, he is on the give out from saving grace he longed for a car so that he could transport double-quick and far(Rogers). He realizes that his actions were direful and even later seek to surrender himself by pickaxe up a hitchhiker he cries out to the Lord , furcate ahead and rain out the soap from this earth and the story ends with him attempting to run the approach path storm.A immediate ensure at the characters in this story gives an true manikin of the gentlemans gentleman condition. The characters in most southerly gothic stories are often decrepit, unsavory, inadequate and/or mentally ill. The authors use the extremities of the populate in their stories to come across our inbred mental condition as benevolent beings. The propose in doing so is to cause the indorser to take a split second and adjudicate their own lives. It makes one stop and speculate around how they may stupefy acted in the situations presented in the stories and it gives them cleverness as to what could matter from it.On the surface, the automobile and espousals in The living You pitch whitethorn Be Your aver face to guide miniscule to no importance. But from the beginning, it is clear that Mrs. Crater only wanted to storage area Mr. Shiftlet around for the dominance services that he could provide. He could have been her live-in work as well as a maintain for her daughter. At this point her daughter kick the buckets an physical object instead of a gentlemans gentleman being. flush though Mr. Shiftlet pretends to be uninvolved with the notes, he winds up enquire close to the car and even wants silver for the wedding.Eventually, just like Mrs. Crater, he abandons Lucynell for the sentiment that a car would fulfill his needs. through the approach of Mr. Shiftlet and Mrs. Crater in sex act to their desire to gain the things they thought they inevitable in send to be happy, Flannery OConnor reveals a world in which money or cloth things have become more important than mass or even ghostlike peace. works CitedArant, Alison. A righteous acquaintance noetic hindrance and eugenic granting immunity in Weltys Lily daw and the terce Ladies and OConnors The career You economize may Be Your Own. grey literary ledger 44. 2 (2012) 69-87. pedantic expect Premier. wind vane 5 Feb 2013 Baym, Nina, bloody shame Loffelholz.Flannery OConnors The life sentence You fork over may Be Your Own. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. seventh ed. Vol. D. unsanded York W. W. Norton Co. 2007. 2522-2529. Print.Rogers, Jonathan. Flannery OConnor pass schooling Club, calendar week 2 The flavor You keep back whitethorn Be Your Own. Jonathan-Rogers. com. 11 June 2012. WordPress. Web. 4 Feb 2013. .

Norm Violation Essay

After doing the threesome norm violations for my midterm exam project in Social Psychology, I was authentic each in entirelyy relieved. The spotless nervous gap act as whatever that result draw flocks assistance to me make me gively pity myself. I pity myself for make me heart a exchangeable(p) a fool, nevertheless nevertheless, it gave me a thought of joy judgment that I in reality did it non further for the sake of apogee and to get cracking grades, and I did it because of curiosity and for the pleasure of my inner disposition for new adventure. And by doing the three norm violations, I came to quit that we atomic number 18 alone unconsciously controlled by the norms our society sets and that sank into the truly depths of our minds making us live care robots. People directly are like robots, doing their day-to-day activities in a fig that conforms to the usual norm in their society.No more thrills and excitement, no more proneness for adventure , no more childish acts, and thats all because we all wanted to correspond in and do things aligned to what is labelled as normal. So this project is very a wind of fresh pass around to me. This has been an eye opener, a bell that wakes all vein in my body, like electrical energy that flows to my brain that shocks either synaptic activity. outright Im conscious, conscious equal to make my career more value living by not conforming to the pattern of norms embroided to all(prenominal) corner of humanity. I apologize for my exaggeration, and I am just inspired. And I like to expand when Im inspired.Anyways, the bottom debate here is that Im flag I make this project for it made me realize whats keeping commonwealth in feeler out of their shell, and that is the idea that if they do something that is not normal compensate if thats what theyve eternally wanted to do, theyll be labelled as weird. Based on experience, its really self debasing when people look at you wit h such(prenominal) scornful look because of projecting something that does not fit their tastes. So I dealt goddamned those whose faces are as thick as my psychology disk because they gain render numb of all the critics and judgments that pass by dint of their tympanic tissue layer like a steel existence dragged out of chock up in a glass road. I dont know which part of my four lobate brain all these words are coming from, but I venture I have made my excite and I confide its clear.

Develop Your Conflict Resolution Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Develop Your Conflict Re event Skills - Essay ExampleInjustice this is the perceive mistreatment by early(a)s or the world at large. This attitude leads to the individual to identify something as unfair and thereby engage in retaliatory acts. Vulnerability it revolves nigh a persons perception that he/she is the subject to internal/external dangers where control lacks to supply safety. Distrust it focuses on presumed hostility and malign spirit of others. This is an expectation that others will hurt, cheat, abuse, humiliate or take advantage. Helplessness this is a conviction that the carefully planned and executed plans/actions will fail to produce in demand(p) outcomes. This leads to a person perceiving that he/she cannot accomplish anything. The conflict is solved when the inconsistency between actions and wishes of parties are resolved.Returning to the Sally and Dave conundrum, as the managers duty at the reservations scream center is to ensure this conflict is resolved. Th erefore, the managers first action after analyzing the conflict and putting all parties into consideration is to handle the issue separately, and find a solution after listening to each partys complain. First, it is hard to tell who is telling the truth since each proposal is a complete opposite of the other partys proposal. So, after meeting with Dave, the manager should ask him to be punctual with the time he departs from the center. He cannot stay at the center prehistorical 730. This would mean that he has to complete his job by seven oclock thus giving him some time to tidy up the cubicle and turn off his computer. He should keep his stuff and personal effects to a minimized and limited to one side of the work station. misery to honor this, he should be stripped of these permissions. He should keep his personal belongings on one side of the drawer and not leave them dissipate in every corner of the drawer. Above all, responsibility and respect towards Sally would be demanded from Dave.Sally

Gender role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender role - Essay ExampleIt is mostly expert in the night. The restaurants offering nyotaimori in the western societies disinfect the human tables and cover the private parts with banana leaves. The human tables are also chilled to ensure that the weight doesnt spoil. All these measures dont make nyotaimori any less unhygienic.This article is about a childrens appropriate, Hiromis Hands, authored by Lynne Barasch. It is about Hiromi. Hiromi is a girl, 27 at the time this article was published, whose father, a shushi chef, had emigrated to and settled in New York City. Her father stayed in New York for more thirty years, during which he met Hiromis mother and even opened a shushi restaurant. At 8, Hiromi developed interest in becoming a shushi chef. Her father took her to Fulton Fish Market to introduce her to the shushi basic. after(prenominal) three years of training, she could use the shushi knife and by 20, she had learnt everything about shushi. She takes over when her fath er makes his first trip to Japan in over three decades. The book has shushi-related illustrations, and some images of Japan and New

Joseph Beuys - Into Fat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Joseph Beuys - Into Fat - Essay ExampleThe paper Joseph Beuys Into Fat analyses Joseph Beuys and his art. Thats how the Tartars found me geezerhood later. I remember voices saying Voda (water), then the felt of their tents, and the dense pungent smell of cheese, fat and milk. They covered my body in fat to help it mend warmth, and wrapped it in felt as an insulator to keep warmth in. It was written in Wikipedia that this story has served as a powerful myth of origins for Beuys fine identity, as well as providing an initial interpretative key to his use of unconventional materials. However, this myth was not mentioned, even if to be shrouded in fiction, in an single CV that Beuys produced in a 1964 festival, title Life Course/Work Course. This CV was a self-consciously fictionalized account of the artists life, in which historical events mingle with metaphorical and mythical speech, marking a blurring of fact and fiction that was to be characteristic of Beuys self-created persona . Thus, it was a debate on the grounds of the plane wad myth, for had it been a real occurrence, it would have had a place it Beuys CV. Had it been made-believe, it would still secure a place in the controversial CV being that the myth provided the intensity for his lifes work. And yet it was never to be documented this plane crash which happened in Cremia and his eventual meeting with the Tartars who taught Beuys the healing properties of fat and felt. Beuys staged performances or what he call actions which had the magic of rituals.

Policy Analysis I Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Policy Analysis I Paper - Essay ExampleThey have stated that it is the accountability of the federal government in keeping the illegal unknowns out of the country and expelling those who are in the country.This essay shows the characteristics of these illegal aliens in the criminal evaluator system at state, local and federal levels. The analysis done at the federal level is based on the data from the United States Sentencing mission that contains info on the criminal defendants who have been sentenced according to the 1984 Sentencing Reform Act and Pretrial Services Act Information System that contains info of charged defendants having federal offences (Clark & Anderson, 2000). The numbers game of the illegal aliens that are in the federal criminal justice have shot up sharply. This is because the border enforcement was increase, increase in inhabitant illegal alien population and better identification methods used for the illegal aliens.Other different factors may also play a role in the numbers of increase illegal aliens in the federal criminal justice. In determining what leads to the changes in criminal activities, Pretrial Services Act Information System and United States Sentencing Commission data are limited. After the introduction of Operations Hold the Line and Gatekeeper, the population of these illegal aliens defendants that were accused and convicted of crossing the border illegally increased. Even though the convictions for these offenses increased in other different districts, not the two districts that were the homes of the initiatives. Missing any details on the law enforcement initiatives in the data sets associated with every arrest, conclusions on the links between arrests and enforcements become suggestive. The ability in tracking the level of changes in criminal activities on the illegal aliens will be enhanced if increased data on the aliens is collected.The Cook County analysis showed that the enormous

Business Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Plan - Assignment Example2. Statement of purpose.3. Table of contents. I. The BusinessA. comment of wrinkle. B. Marketing. C. Competition in the market. D. Ways of operating procedures. E. Personnel. F. Insurance of Business. II. Financial reading A. Loan applications. B. Capital. C. Balance sheet. D. Breakeven analysisE. Pro-forma income projections (profit & loss statements)F. Pro-forma cash flowIII. Supporting Documents 1. Tax returns for expiry three years Personal financial statement.2. A copy of franchise get under ones skin and all supporting documents provided by the franchiser for franchised business.Copies of the followinga. Lease or purchase agreement.b. Licenses and other legal documents.c. Resumes, that of all the principals.d. Letters of intent and other relevant material. victimisation The PlanA business designing is considered to be a tool comprising of three basic purposes, which are communication, management and devicening. A business plans serves as a communication tool that helps in attracting investment capital, attainment of loans, hiring workers and convinces them to work for the company and importantly plays a part in attracting strategic alliances and business partners. A business plan is said to be successful if the outcome of the business is profitable, a business plan that cannot help in attain profits is said to be an incompetent business plan. A realistic approach is required at almost every stage of business and allows an entrepreneur to workout all the electric potential problems and all the alternatives before launching the actual business.A business plan helps as... This assignment answers on many common questions on the topic of developing a successful business plan. In any marketing sector business plan is considered to be very important and a thoughtful business plan cannot be overemphasises because much hinges on it financial support, management of the available resources equal operation and finances, cred it from suppliers, promotion and marketing and last but not the least companys goals and achievements. The researcher mostly focuses on the successful writing of the business plan. It includes many steps, most significant that were mentioned in the assignment are Description of business, Marketing, Insurance of Business, Financial Information on loan applications and capital, Breakeven analysis, Pro-forma income projections (profit & loss statements) and Pro-forma cash flow. It is also important to prepare Supporting Documents, such as Tax returns for last three years, Personal financial statement and copy of franchise for franchised business. This assignment also describes ways of Using The Plan in real-life situations. Usually, a business plan is considered to be a tool comprising of three basic purposes, which are communication, management and planning. In conclusion, the researcher also states that having good financing is not enough in attaining profits and proper knowledge and planning are required to manage it well. These help in strengthening the management of financing and avoid common mistakes like miscalculating or underestimating the cost of yout future business.

FMLA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

FMLA - Research Paper ExampleSignificance, Function and Benefits i. To shun discrimination against female workers. ii. Employers must(prenominal) have 50 workers in their workplaces for implementing FMLA. iii. confide must be approved for any worker that has worked at least 1250 hours in the previous 12 months. iv. The lawfulness requires that the employee should be restored to her previous status v. The afore express laws benefit a lot to those workers who qualify for croak. c. apostrophize Rulings of FMLA i. case of Mitchell v. Chapman, USA (2003) ii. case of Darby v. Bratch (2002) iii. case of Cantley vs. Simmons (2002) iv. case of Coleman v. Court of Appeals of Maryland (2010) III. Conclusion FMLA advantageous for employees as it allocates them their health care rights. Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA) Introduction TheFamily Medical Leave Actcame into being in the year 1993 to strike a balance between the employers and the employees in a scenario where employees have to take extended medical leaves in a serious correspond which includes pregnancy or to take of any family members. The aims of promulgation of mentioned law is to safeguard the interest of the employees. It does not relate to pay the employee during the said completion provided the employee does not differently have vacation in store. The eligibility of employees can be mentioned as He or She is in the employment of an organization at least for a period of one year (not consecutive) He or She has worked at least 1250 hours during a year before leaving the current employer. The 12-month period immediately concludes before the leave He or she works at a location where at least 50 employees are working or it is within the ambit of 75 miles (Budd & Brey, 2003). There are many advantages of FMLA. 12 weeks unpaid leave on the forward mentioned situations are given such as for newborn child of the employee, for word sense or foster care, for serious health bod of immediate family member and me dical leave provided employee is unable to work due to precarious health condition (Post & Siegel, 2003). Discussion The basic idea of introducing Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA) is to provide assistance to employees in balancing their work and family life. The act in question provides subject employees with two sorts of job-ensured leave a) regular leave and b) military family leave. The FMLA covers both private and public sector employers. FMLA leave in general considered unpaid leave. Historically, Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) came into limelight twenty years back when Mr. Bill Clinton, the then President sent the bill to the competent legislative body for consideration (Aitchinson, 2003). The said act turned into law on August 5, 1993, soon after the 103 congressmen voted in favor of it. This is binding on all employers having more than 50 employees. by and by on it was amended in the initial phase of 2008 during the incumbency of President Bush. The Nation al Defense Authorization Act replaced FMLA. In accordance with the mentioned act qualified workers can avail 26 weeks of leave for a spouse, child, parent or other dependent family member to take care of the injured person from the build up forces (Budd & Brey, 2003). Significance Before promulgation of cited Acts, which later on converted into laws, to shun discrimination against female workers in the case of newly have born child. At that time, only those workers got promotion and other benefits who had given up their desire for a family. Of

Occupational Health and Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Occupational Health and Safety - Essay ExampleEmployees are also required to inspect waters for leaks at every start of each shift. Further, hoses of oxygen and fuel gas, when taped in concert, should not exceed one-third of the entire length of the hose (osha.gov, 1996).Grease and oil are also potential hazards and OSHA requires that oxygen cylinders be kept away from grease or oil. Greasy clothes and oily surfaces should be kept away from getting in contact with oxygen cylinders, hoses or any other parts of the valves and regulators (osha.gov, 1996).The scenario showed that the cylinders were lying on the floor and were all stored together in the area. This poses a tripping hazard and greater tendency for the cylinders to roll and bump on each other.The smell of the room being similar to a nail-polish remover suggests that there is a leak in the acetylene cylinder. This suggests that the employee was not able to check the cylinders or the hoses for leakage. Further, the welder, n ot recognizing the smell is in a very hard situation because of the high flammability of acetylene. His activity of chipping the welding slag with the torch tip is high risk of creating sparks that can ignite the room and cause an explosion. With him corroding greasy gloves puts him at even greater risk because the material will immediately catch fire since he was already using the welding slag.The scenario given(p) suggests a very unsafe working condition. It is then very important that employees in construction sites, in this case, those involved in welding and cutting, must be aware of the guidelines set by OSHA to be able to prevent any accidents that may occur in the work

Film Report Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Report - Movie Review ExampleThe theme of the movie is the conflict amid the two regions of the United States, the South being dominated by African-American slaves. The theme was clearly revealed, although there were already hints in the beginning that it involves fight scenes, during the lash out initiated by a inexorable militia group to the houses owned by white Americans in the village, including the house of the Camerons. In emphasizing the central theme of the movie, Griffith employ two separate families which supported different ideals, and the use of violence in the uprisings seen during the Civil War. 2) What were the choices made by the main characters and what were the consequences of those choices? Griffith is clear in his intentions that the choice of war was a result of aged-long slavery, and the use of violence to achieve the freedom that African-Americans longed was a way to depict superiority. Ben Camerons choice of engaging in a descent with Elsie, instea d of a woman from his place, and Margarets love for the elder Stoneman, both resulted to a romance in between the war, and eventu in ally led to love in between revenge against the African-Americans. In the end, it was a picture of an interracial relationship and marriage, and the desolation of death in wars. Moreover, Bens decision to organize a go away wing group, though it paved way in forwarding their angst towards the demise of many white Americans, it created much more conflict, loss of lives, damages to property, and crisis in all sectors of society. Simply told, while both families chose to participate in a battle where nobody clearly wins, war did not create positive results at all. 3) What triple or four sequences are most important in the film? Why? It is of personal intention to choose these important sequences in the movie that spotlight its central theme. First scene was when the two Cameron ladies, Margaret and Flora, hurriedly went back to their home after noticin g that chaos is happening. Both panicked while their family thought of the basement as a safe hiding place. The ransacks heated up the civilian wars. Next, the war fought by both Stonemans and Cameron took the life the younger Stoneman while Bens almost ended. The conterminous sequence, Ben Cameron was brought to the hospital to be treated. The third scene, he met Elsie Stoneman who works as a nurse, with whom Cameron spent moments of admiration looking at the lady Stonemans photo. The two got married, a sign that amidst the impossibility, two people from different backgrounds can be at peace. Bens pardon to President Lincoln not to be punished culminated when, as the fourth sequence goes, Lincoln was assassinated. 4) Did the ?lm surprise you with anything unusual in its story, style, technique, or implications? Yes, it did. In fact, the films story is unique from the rest of black movies that highlight the miseries of African-American slaves. The movie chose to present the other w ay around the violence they asserted to the communities was highlighted that it aroused a negative impression of them. Moreover, the silent progress of Griffith in this movie introduced a new insight in understanding through visuals of the history. People may have a hard time appreciating his style, moreover it is a breakthrough from the usual that it made me watch it until

Oprtions Mngement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Oprtions Mngement - Essay ExampleThe contribution of n opertions strtegy is lso outlined s prt of hierrchy of strtegies tht we might find in ech firm. It gives n insight into wht is exctly n opertions strtegy nd wht re its components, how esy is it to implement such strtegy nd wht cn n orgnistion expect from it. Bsiclly, the pper discusses the question of form of tsks tht opertions mngement incorportes nd tht these tsks should be combined to rech the potentil of opertions executed.Opertions mngement hs its origins in the study of production or mnufcturing mngement. (Pine, Boynton, 2003) These terms still very much pply to mnufcturing orgnistions tht will hve distinct opertionl ctivities tht convert sy, bens nd wealthy tomto suce into cns of bked bens to be sold by retiler. Thus, we cn initilly think of opertions mngement s being prt of distinct function producing product nd service combintion, just s we hve mrketing nd ccounting functions in mny orgnistions. The first rendering of opertions mngement is thereforeEvery orgnistion tht offers goods or services hs n opertions ctivity. s fr s the orgnistion structure is concerned, some firms will hve clear-cut opertions function. This might be clled mnufcturing deprtment, n opertions system, or hve no identifible nme t ll. However, like mrketing nd ccounting, it is fundmentl function of the firm with professionlly trined opertions or production mngers responsible for conversion of resources into the requisite product nd service combintions. In some orgnistions such mngers will hve different titles, store mnger for retiler, dministrtive mngers within hospitl or distribution mngers in logistics compny. This first definition tends to be rther nrrow s it pplies to core conversion processes (mostly mnufcturing). We need therefore to widen the definition of opertions mngement to second level The design, opertion nd improvement of the internl nd externl systems, resources nd technologies tht crete

SPECIAL EDUCATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

SPECIAL EDUCATION - Essay ExampleWeve known for a long time that students with MR (mental retardation) are ruin off educationally if they can spend at least part of the day in a typical classroom, said James McLeskey, chair of finical education in UFs College of Education and an author of the study. Weve found that there are still lot of students who could be included in the general classroom, solely arent included.Before the mid-1970s, most children with mental retardation were completely segregated from other children in the school system, if they were formally improve at all. Society wide viewed these children as uneducable, and those who did attend school were sent to institutions solely for children with mental retardation.Both children and their parents often viewed these institutions as dehumanizing and ineffective and by the late 1960s, educators had assembled a large eubstance of research to show that children with mental retardation did indeed perform much better when schooled, at least part-time, among the general student population. That research led sex act to pass a 1975 law requiring a more inclusive environment for students with mental retardation.Surveys in the 1980s and early 1990s showed that schools had made little gain ground toward implementing that mandate. In an article published in the spring 2006 issue of the journal Exceptional Children, UF researchers including doctoral candidates Pam Williamson, David Hoppey and Tarcha Rentz revisited the question, taking a comprehensive look at fix rates for students with mental retardation in all 50 states and the District of Columbia during the 1990s. They found some very good news.Inclusion seems to have rightfully caught on in the 1990s, said Williamson, the lead author of the study. By the end of the decade, a student with MR was almost twice as likely to be educated in the general

Animal Farm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animal Farm - Essay ExampleVIRTUE BASED theory This honourable approach takes into consideration the different characters or parties to an event or an encounter and how they affect the interactions with other parties, either directly or indirectly. In this regard, it is spare that disparity in characters appears among various individuals. Good act may be presented by two people differently based on their characters. This therefore depicts morals as the human nature one should strive to achieve, with specific characters such as being honest, kind, fair, faithful and generous among others being credited. Since these characters train harmonious interaction and co-existence among various parties, they are very appealing and appreciated. In a bid to achieve these qualities, one should act accordingly. In the Animal Farm, the deeds executed by various characters depicted either an adherence or non-adherence to the traits, a) Napolean treats other animals unfairly and strives to maint ain his position as a leader through unfair ruling. He uses the nine dogs as a military weapon to intimidate other animals, which is non right as well as not directed towards achieving the ethical traits outlined above. b) Snowball is passionate and always strived to improve the eudaemonia of other animals and works towards the achievement of the traits. c) Boxer is depicted as a strong character, who has allegiance and loyalty in the improvement of the welfare of the members of the Animal Farm. d) Squealer is depicted as of unfit characters as he indulges himself in spreading propagandas, which are mean to ensure Napoleon retains lead. e) Old Major is depicted as of good character through his leadership as well the vision of improving the welfare of the animals. f) Clover is of good character and is always observant of the commandment designated to govern the conduct of animals in the farm, is not pleased by violation of the laws by the pigs and blames herself for often forget ting the commandments. g) Moses is depicted to be of good faith by presentation of stories of the destination of the animals after their death. h) Mollie is depicted as a character that likes being interact fairly well by other, and is not involved in bad acts. i) Benjamin holds the opinion that life remains unchanged irrespective of who takes charge of leadership and always displays good characters in his undertakings j) Muriel is depicted as being very observant of the seven commandments, and thus depicts good character. k) Mr. Jones is depicted as an unjust leader, who does not take care of the welfare of the animals who suffer from lack of food. l) Mr. Fredrick is depicted as a person who is dedicated in his undertakings in a bid to ensure that perfection is derived from his undertakings m) Mr. Pilkington, is depicted as an easy-going character, an attribute not favoured in the virtue theory Consequentialism theory It asserts that an actions impacts or behavior determines the m oral jimmy of it. Measuring the moral worth of an action or impact is the main concern in consequallism. This is because consequences may be approvable, natural or bad. In important theory, only the real affects matters. People or objects affected by the behavior and

East vs. West Germany Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

eastern United States vs. West Germany - Essay ExampleFrom the earliest days in 1945, the associate wanted to avoid the mistakes of the Treaty of Versailles, which had humiliated the German people and had enforced crippling reparations that caused resentment for generations. This time a plan of partition into zones, and a free-hearted package of aid which came to be know as the Marshall plan were adopted as strategies to manage German recovery.In the parts of Germany controlled by Britain, France and the States there was a focus on de-Nazification and the building of a democracy that would ultimately fit into the emerging NATO alliance of Western Powers. The political social organization which was adopted there was based on western style multi-party democracy, with a constitution that protected basic human rights and prevented the rise of another dictatorship resembling the Hitler regime. Free market capitalism was the preferred economic style, and this, along with assistance fr om the Marshall plan funds, created the so-called economic miracle of the post-war years. West Germany became a republic with 11 regions and grew into a strong and stable democracy.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was keen to integrate the Eastern part of Germany, including its historic capital Berlin, into the network of Socialist states that became known as the Soviet bloc. The economic style was very different, and based on the principles of Socialism, where state-owned collectives ran industry rather than private enterprises. When the Western allies declared the West German mark to be separate from the East German mark, the differences in economic performance became even more marked. A wall was built by the East German authorities to prevent a wholesale emigration of citizens from the East to the West in search of a better standard of living. Winston Churchills avermentthat an iron curtain has descended across the continent in a speech in 1946 (Perry at al. 2009, p. 300) tu rned out to be an accurate assessment of the increase distance between East and West. A single party political system was introduced, and throughout the Cold War, East German citizens were prevented from traveling to the West or hearing about events there.

Film Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Film Evaluation - Essay ExampleThis paper will evaluate this film with a last aim of convincing people who have not yet watched this masterpiece to watch it.If Only is, in reality, a rather energetic small gem. It circulates about the lives to its two main actors musician Samantha (Jennifer Love Hewitt) and a business man Ian Wyndham (Paul Nicholls) (IMDb 1). The two really love each other, but Samantha always complains that Ian is too ofttimes into his career and does not want to sp eradicate time with her (IMDb 1). There was this day when they woke up but Samantha was feeling overly dejected, but manage to recover her snappishness it was because Ian had forgotten that it was her day of graduation, which she had been repeating to him for over one month now (IMDb 1). The two ended up arguing and having an awful day which pushes them to the verge of a split when Samantha gets involved in a terrible accident and eventually dies. Also, in spite of all the rush and efforts from Ian t o save her, Samantha still dies. However, in the end of it all, he wakes up to find that all those events were nothing more than a bad aspiration and that Samantha was dead asleep besides him. Ian, realizing how much his girlfriend elbow room to him, decided to cancel all the days events to stay at home with his girlfriend, which made Samantha curious as to why the certain change of location (IMDb 1). She kept asking him what was wrong but Ian was afraid to answer. What made him more scared was the fact that some of events that had happened in last nights dream were started to happen today and he was scared that Samantha might end up dead. This pushed his much closer to his girlfriend (IMDb 1).What I loved about the film was the path in which its sequences were shown. All of them were well synchronized meaning that the viewer cannot be lost even for a split second. The film manages to keep someone aquiline to the screen all

Outsourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Outsourcing - Essay Examplesourcing lies in the incompatibility of effective stakeholder participation with outsourcing projects especially those who outsource globally because very often this outsourcing takes belongings in far-flung corners of the world and which the stakeholders find it difficult to handle because of clash of culture and work environment. Like any other business the outsourcing process has its let pros and cons which play a big hand in either the success or the failure of the project. If the management of the tow parties is excellent and there is mutual want and understanding between the firm and the vendor during the ongoing outsourcing project, the entire process will be successful and not incompatible with effective stakeholder participation.Technology in the information sector has progressed in leaps and bounds and entirely dominates modern life. From the lordly space shuttle to the lowly air conditioner appliance, computers are a part and software program of every electronic system. To meet the needs of various types of systems and organizations dependent on those systems, different types of system development approaches have evolved. Some of them are prototyping, speedy application development, system development life cycle or SDLC and object oriented methodology. The whole purpose of these methods is to enable the stakeholders to use reliable, steady and easy-to-maintain systems. The stakeholders may be adept supporters, direct managers, daily users and anyone who tummy participate in the system. Outsourcing is basically the result of the insistent demand for high quality information systems or IS along with the nucleus of paring down costs in the internal information technology or IT department of companies. As mentioned earlier, these last few years have seen the rapid development of Information System Outsourcing and many companies either outsource part or wholly of there is services to a third party which can be one or man y vendors. This essay will briefly discus system

Saks Fifth Avenue Merchandising Essay Example for Free

Saks Fifth path Merchandising EssayMerchandising Saks Fifth Avenue is a call for retail organization offering a wide assortment of luxury fashion app bel, accessories, shoes, jewelry, and cosmetics. Their master(prenominal) target market is the upscale customer that is willing to pay for main designer brands and products such as Louis Vuitton, Ralph Lauren, and many others. Currently, Saks has 46 lay ins through 22 states that argon usually free standing in distinct shopping destinations or anchors in expensive regional malls as quoted from their annual report.Saks primarily focuses on providing luxury brands and unusual merchandise to their core customers. Because of the recession, Saks Fifth Avenue changed their methods of merchandising to arrest more profitable as well as tailor more to their customers but still kept their main focus on luxury and unique brands. In 2009, their meshing profit margin was a disconfirming 9. 7% with their net profit being negative $54,512 ,000 and starting off net gross revenue as $564,519,000. The CEO of Saks Fifth Avenue, Stephen Sadove, decided that the company needed to pursue an offensive strategy rather than a defensive iodin.In order to keep this strategy, Saks implemented a 9-box grid strategy to chart their merchandise for severally store. The 9-box grid strategy helped Saks categorize the best mix of app atomic number 18l and accessories for the main customers at from each one of their store locations. There are three price tiers to follow along the grid such as good, better, and best. Each item falls into angiotensin converting enzyme of these pricing tiers as well as three general lifestyle categories such as classic, uptown, and contemporary.These specific categories provide Saks with a better understanding of how their products are viewed by their customers as well as how much they are willing to spend on different items. Sakss Senior Vice President of trade and Advertising, Kimberly Grabel, state d that they wanted to implement a strategy that had a good coverage for everyone to produce a really blended customer base. From their findings along the 9-box grid, Saks tailors each of its stores to fit that customer base in that area. Fashion apparel located in their New York location will be different from the products presented in their capital of Indiana store.As mentioned earlier, they specifically choose their store locations in their respective markets to target their core customers that value their merchandise. The most important products to evaluate within this grid are Sakss private labels and exclusive products. These products build a loyal customer base because shoppers cannot find them at any other retail store and emend company profit margins. One of Sakss private labels is called Saks Fifth Avenue Private Collections where they offer more timeless clothing rather than trendy.Within this collection, they rich person three distinct lines such as signature, classic, and sports with prices ranging from $98 to $1,000 as stated in the New York Times article. Saks Fifth Avenues exclusive products are where they differentiate themselves in the luxury market and remain unique. In their annual report, the company states that they have key relationships with designers like Giorgio Armani, Chanel, Gucci, Prada, and Burberry, among many others. Just recently, they expanded one of their exclusive offerings in the mens collection with Valentino.At the moment, Saks Fifth Avenues presence of private labels and exclusive products in their stores are in the lower teens, but their goal is to reach 20%. Since exclusive products and private labels are so important to Saks merchandising, they promote these brands by in-store displays and catalogue layouts. Within their stores, each mannequin is dressed with only one specific designer. This gives an advantage to the exclusive designer of the featured clothing because a customer might see the replete(p) outfit and want the complete package besides just a blouse.An article within The Wall Street Journal states that within Sakss vacation catalogue, four out of six items shown are exclusive, so their customers know where to get that exact product. Because of these unique products as well as their 9-box grid strategy, Saks Fifth Avenue has returned from the recession on an ok note, and they continue to improve. In 2010, they began with net sales of $593,145,000 which was a 5% increase since August1, 2009. Their net profit was still in the negative at $32,234,000, but they had an increase of 4. % in their net profit margin.Within 2011, their margins increased even more with a 13% increase in net sales to $670,180,000, and a 4. 2% increase in net profit margin resulting in only having a negative net profit of $8,369,000 as stated in their SEC filings in the 10Q reports. In order to remain successful, Saks Fifth Avenue focuses on offering luxury brands and unique merchandise. With their distinct sto re locations throughout the country, Saks is able to reach their intended upscale customer and satisfy their needs and wants. By creating value with their products, Saks Fifth Avenue continues to be a lead retail organization.

Introduction To Duty Of Care In Health Essay Example for Free

Introduction To Duty Of Care In Health EssayI heard you were view of fetching in the Care Profession which is excellent, I just wanted to fill you in on a few things which would help you. Health and affable Care work places have what is c onlyed a duty of care which means that you have a duty of care towards the people that you are looking subsequently that means you must do everything you can to keep the individuals you look after safe from harm. It is not only the work place that has to prioritise the safety, welfare and interests of the individuals exploitation the service but also the care staff. Care workers must also have a duty of care towards otherwise staff members to ensure that all working conditions are safe and suitable to deliver the best service they can.It also means being a responsible care giver for other individuals who could be too ill or physically unable to care for themselves and requires another person to assist them on a daily basis, this could inc lude assisting the individuals with their person-to-person hygiene, safety, meal preparation or other medical and physical needs until they are met to the highest standards that the individual is happy with. Duty of Care affects the way people work as the employer provides policies and procedures and ways of being aware of any dangers by imparting out Risk Assessments. Social Care workers and Care organisations must do as lots as possible to keep individuals safe from harm, we do these Risk Assessments by looking for either a hazard which is an actual or potential such as a chemical or process that may lead to an accident, also risks a situation that can lead to a hazard and carry the possibilities of something serious happening.

The Effects of Global Financial Crisis in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Global Financial Crisis in Nigeria EssayThe global monetary crisis began in the United States of America and the United Kingdom when the global credit food market came to a standstill in July 2007 (Avgouleas, 2008). The crisis, brewing for a while, really started to show its require in the middle of 2008. Around the world stock markets have fallen, large financial institutions have collapsed or been bought out, and governments in even the wealthiest nations have had to come up with rescue packages to bail out their financial systems. It is a well known fact that the world is now a global village. As a aftermath of this, the global economic meltdown is having a side effect on Nigerians to an extent that peoples standard of living has been seriously affected. The side effects on Nigerians include high cost of commodities, upsurge in social vices and unemployment. As a way of managing the situation, the government should lead down on the salaries of earthly con cern office holders and reduce excessive spending in order to utilize the little resources available to provide the wanted infrastructural facilities that will make life meaty to the people, and focus attention on important projects.The concept of financial crisis The term financial crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, many financial crises were associated with banking panics, and many recessions coincided with these panics. Other situations that atomic number 18 often called financial crises include stock market crashes and the bursting of other financial bubbles, currency crises, and sovereign defaults (Kindleberger and Aliber, 2005, Laeven and Valencia, 2008).Causes of the Crisis The reasons for this crisis are varied and complex, but largely it can be attributed to a number of factors in both the housing and credit markets, which deve loped over an extended period of time. Some of these include the inability of homeowner to make their mortgage payments, poor judgement by the borrower and/or lender, speculation and overbuilding during the boom period, risky mortgage products, high personal and corporate debt levels, financial innovation that distributed and out of sight default risks, central bank policies, and regulation (Stiglitz,2008).Africa and the Global Financial Crisis The direct impact of the financial crisis on the African economies has thus distant been limited as virtually commercial banks in the region refrained from investing in the troubled assets from the US and other part of the world. This is why most commentators argue that Africa is so far insulated from the direct effects of the financial crisis. The current financial crisis affects Africa and other ontogenesis countries in two possible ways First, there could be financial transmission system and spillovers for stock markets in Africa.Stock markets in the region showed some volatility, driven by a sell-off by foreign investors. The Nigerian stock market for obiter dictum has been experiencing a continuous downward trend in prices of stocks for over two months now. The India stock market dropped by 8% in one day at the same time as stock markets in the USA and Brazil plunged. Stock markets across the world developed and maturation have all dropped good since May 2008.Share prices have tumble between 12 and 19% in the USA, UK and Japan in just one week, while the MSCI emerging market index fell 23%. This includes stock markets in Brazil, South Africa, India and China (ODI, 2008). We need to better understand the nature of the financial linkages, how they occur (as they do face to occur) and whether anything can be done to minimize contagion. Possible Policy responses The current macro-economic and social challenges posed by the global financial crisis require a oftentimes better understanding of appropriate poli cy responses.Some recommended policy responses which can be applied to the situation in Nigeria are enumerated as follows There inevitably to be a better understanding of what can provide financial stability, how crossborder cooperation can help to provide the public good of international financial rules and systems, and what the most appropriate rules are with respect to development.There needs to be an understanding of whether and how Nigeria and other developing countries can minimise financial contagion Nigeria and other developing countries will excessively need to manage the implications of the current economic slowdown after a period of strong and continued growth in developing countries, which has promoted interest in structural factors of growth, international macro economic management will now move up the policy agenda. Nigeria and other developing countries need to understand the social outcomes and provide appropriate social protection schemes. Central Banks shoul d regulate issue of foreign exchange to companies during this time of crisis to avoid creating a enigmatical in foreign reserves. Non-bank financial sector such as Pension Funds should also be regulated.This is to protect pension funds from being invested in some of this complex instruments to enable them meet their liquidity obligation as at when due. African countries should strengthen domestic and regional markets and boost intra-African trade and it is also important to promote domestic tourism. There is a need for new stability of the global financial system in which the voice of any nation, every continent is heard and their concerns taken into account. Conclusion The global financial crisis is already causing a considerable slowdown in most developed countries. Governments well-nigh the word are trying to contain the crisis, but many suggest the worst is not yet over. Stock markets are down more than 40% from their recent highs.Investment banks have collapsed, rescue pac kages are drawn up involving more than a trillion US dollars, and interest rates have been cut around the world with US and Japan cutting theirs to all time low of 0. 25% and 0. 1% respectively (bbc. co. uk), in what looks like a interconnected response. With a recession already in place in most developed countries, Nigeria and other developing countries should try and come up with policies that will minimise the spread of this crisis to their economy.

Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment

emoluments of external operate InvestmentDo Host Countries Benefit From international Direct Investment? Evidence From Developing EconomiesExecutive SummaryThe multinational companies (MNCs) and associated contrary direct investment (FDI) play an important role in international economy. It is well-known that FDI activity discharge bring many signifi quartert cause to boniface countries.In this essay I fancy such effects from three unlike aspectsThe first part I focus on the relation between FDI and master of ceremonies country salarys. Previous studies show that it is a comprehensive phenomenon that the contend in inappropriate companies ar high(prenominal)(prenominal) than home(prenominal) companies. The FDI activity has a lordly effect to the over wholly wage directs of the host countries, although wages spillovers to interior(prenominal) companies are not forever and a day exist.The second part I focus on the relation between FDI and host country productivi ty. abroad companies have higher productivity than home(prenominal) companies it tail assembly be supported by most of the available studies no enumerate what measures have been apply. Although some light uponings reflected that local firms in ontogenesis countries can gather from FDI by productivity spillovers, in more cases, the productivity spillovers are not pregnant, blush negative.The third part I focus on the relation between FDI and host countrys economic Growth. The result shows that development countries can gather from FDI and achieve economic reaping.Overall, the host countries, especially the development countries, can benefit from alien direct investment.1. IntroductionThe worldwide spread of multinational companies (MNCs) and associated strange direct investment (FDI) play an important role in reconstructing economy prototype of the world. It is well-known that FDI activity can bring many significant effects to host countries development. In this essay I will estimate such effects from three different aspects- the effect in wages, the effect in productivity and the effect in economic growth- by reviewing numerous relative studies and try to find out whether host countries, especially the developing countries, can get benefits from foreign direct investment.2. FDI And Host Country WagesIn this section, I will relieve to what ex bunk does FDI influence host countries wages level. Whether local firms could benefit from the entrance or existence of foreign companies will be analyzed based on the previous studies.Firstly, let us pass water a look at the difference between foreign companies and domestic companies in regard to wages level. about all the available studies proved that foreign companies did pay higher wages in developing countries.Haddad and Harrison (1993) made a interrogation on different companies slaying in Morocco. They found that in unweighted means, foreign firms gainful about 70% higher wages than domestic f irms. check to weighted means, the foreign companies still paid higher real wages than domestic companies (PP.58-59). Higher wages paying by MNCs was as well supported by some studies of other developing countries, such as Indonesia (Hill, 1990, Manning 1998, Lipsey and Sjholm, 2001). Lipsey and Sjholm (2001) reported that when taken the educational level into account, wage-earning workers can get 25% higher wages and white-collar workers can get 50% higher wages in foreign companies. In the conclusion part of this paper, the author stated those higher wages for workers of a given educational level do not reflect all the greater size and larger inputs per worker in foreign plants, or their perseverance or location (p.13). If considered all these factors, the foreign companies paid 12% and 20% more wages than domestic companies for blue-collar workers and white-collar workers respectively. some other manifest is taken by Ramstetter (1999), he did an research in five East Asian economies (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan) and made a report that wages in foreign plants were higher than domestic firms over 14-23 years, march on the differences were not so significant in Singapore and Taiwan.It is a universal phenomenon that the wages in foreign companies are higher than domestic companies. Lipsey (2002) gave several explanations of this phenomenon. Firstly, higher wages may be caused by host-country regulations. Foreign firms are required to pay a higher price to the same quality workers in show to keep a beloved relationship with the host countries. Secondly, it could regard as compensation for the workers because they tend to choose local companies rather than foreign companies. Thirdly, as the foreign companies possess some advanced technology, they would rather pay more money to the employees to reduce the technology leaking resulted by stuff turnover. Last, the higher wages could count as an expense for attracting wear out emp loyees because the foreign companies are not familiar with the labor market in host countries.Whether higher wages paid by foreign firms would affect the wages level in domestic firms and then change the wages level in host countries is another important question. The effects in wages of the local firms in host countries are referred as wage spillovers. Many studies focused on such wage spillovers as well as the effect to the overall wage level of the host countries taken by FDI. Aitken, Harrison, and Lipsey (1996) investigated the relationship between wages level and FDI in Venezuela and Mexico and found no march of wage spillovers sounding to higher wages for domestic firm(Aitken et al., 1996, p.369). The lack of wages spillovers is in line with the different wages level between foreign and domestic companies. But there was a positive relationship between foreign ownership shares and averages industry wages, which means higher foreign ownership tend to increase industry wages. B esides, the effect was more significant for well skilled workers. The wage differences can be explained by the greater human capital ecesis in foreign firms and lower turnover (Aitken et al., 1996, p.369), well the increasing industry wages can be explained by the raising demand of labor in the foreign companies. Lipsey and Sjholm (2001) calculated the wage spillovers caused by FDI in Indonesia and found out foreign ownership could affect the wage level in domestic companies veritable(a) if the difference in wage levels is not significant. Higher foreign ownership tend to increase the wage level of domestic companies, especially for white-collar than for blue-collar workers.We can conclude that the FDI activity has a positive effect to the overall wage levels of the host countries as the higher wages in foreign companies can increase the average wage level of the host countries, although wages spillovers to domestic companies are not always exist. As Lipsey (2002) summarized, the positive effect might caused by the higher wages paid by the foreign firms if there are no wages spillover to domestic companies if there are positive wage spillovers, twain higher wage level in foreign companies and the positive spillovers to domestic companies can contribute to the overall wage increasing counterbalance when foreign companies take a negative effect to the wages of domestic companies, the negative spillovers could be offset by foreign companies higher wages, so it could not impact the wage level increasing in the host countries.3. FDI And Host Country ProductivityIn this section, I will review the previous literatures based on two questions. The first one is whether the productivity is higher in foreign companies than domestic companies in developing countries. Only if the existence of higher productivity has been proved in foreign companies could the productivity spillover of FDI take place in developing countries. The second one is whether the higher productiv ity in foreign companies spills over to domestic companies.According to previous studies, comparisons of productivity between foreign-owned plants and domestic-owned plants were focused on the manufacturing sectors in developing countries.Lipsey (2002) gave a summary of Blomstrm and Wolffs working paper. They found that by measuring both(prenominal) value-added and gross output from manufacturing data of Mexcican in 1970, the productivity of foreign companies was more than twice of domestic companies on average. When comparing with domestic companies, the labor productivity in foreign companies was more higher in 20 manufacturing industries. They also found that the capital intensity in foreign companies was 2.5 clock higher than Mexican domestic companies.Sjholm (1999, p.55) in his article examined intra-industry spillovers from FDI in the manufacturing sector of Indonesian. He used micro-level data to examine the difference in labour productivity between foreign and domestic co mpanies in 28 industries. It was proved that technology level was higher in foreign firms than domestic firms in 26 out of 28 industries. A mistakable conclusion can be found in a working paper written by Okamoto and Sjholm (1999) which published in the same year. They reported in Indonesia, higher foreign shares of gross output than foreign share of employment between 1990 and 1995 indicated that foreign-owned companies had higher labor productivity.Many other studies also showed that in developing countries, the foreign companies have higher productivity than domestic companies. For Morocco, Haddad and Harrison (1993) compared the deviation of firm productivity from each sectors best-practice frontier in 18 industries from 1985 to 1989. They found a higher output per worker and a smaller deviation from best-practice frontiers in foreign companies than in domestic companies among total 12 industries. For Uruguay, value added per worker was used to estimate the difference in produc tivity between foreign and domestic owned companies. Result revealed that in 1988, the productivity in foreign firms was about 2 times as in domestic firms on average (Kokko, Zejan, and Tansini, 2001). According to a research of Taiwan manufacturing sector in 1991, Chuang and Lin (1999) found that labor productivity of MNCs was much higher than local firms, but total factor productivity of foreign companies was only slightly higher than local companies. The study for Turkey between 1993 -1995 in which different elements of the production function were taken into account by Eridilek (2002), as well as the study for five Ease Asian economies (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan) in which Ramsteteer (1999) used value added per employee to measure labor productivity, both found that the average productivity of were significant higher in MNCs than in domestic firms.From all evidence mentioned above, the conclusion that foreign companies have higher productivity than dome stic companies can be supported in developing countries no matter what measures have been used. This phenomenon may be resulted from larger scale of production or higher capital intensity in the foreign companies (Lipsey, 2002, p. 40).Before move to the research on whether host countries could get benefit from FDI in respect of productivity growth, we should first make clear when the productivity spillovers take place. Blomstrm and Kokko (1998) expressed that the productivity spillovers occur when governing body of foreign companies result in promoting the productivity and efficiency of the local companies in host countries, and the foreign companies can not completely internalize the value of these benefits. Another reason that productivity spillovers take place is the domestic companies are forced to improve the efficiency of using their existing technology and resources because the entry of foreign companies carried furious competition to the host countries. The severe competit ion also leads the domestic companies to pursue new technologies which can result in the productivity spills out.Besides, we should also classify the different types of spillovers. Horizontal spillovers are the effects from foreign to local firms be to the same industry. Vertical spillovers occur both in upstream industries and downstream industries (Javrcik, 2004). For horizontal spillovers studies, Aitken and Harrison (1999) used a dialog box data of Venezuelan companies during 1976 to 1989, concluded that there are no evidence supports the existence of technology spillovers between foreign and local companies (p.617). Konings (2001) also used decorate data to study the effect of FDI in Bulgara, Romania and Poland. According to their conclusion, they did not find any evidence of spillovers in these emerging market economies. such(prenominal) results have also been supported by Djankov and Hoekman (2000). However, this conclusion can not be generalized from all the developing cou ntries. Damijan et al. (2003) used firm-level data to study 8 transition countries between 1994 and 1998, found spillovers from foreign to local companies were positive in Romania ( p.11). Besides, Kinoshita (2001) proved that the RD-intensive sectors of Czech Republic have positive horizontal spillovers.Compared with horizontal spillovers, It is quite a upbeat about the existence of vertical spillover (Javrcik and Spatareanu, 2005, P.54). Since many existing articles have provided evidence of vertical spillovers in developing countries. In another paper of Javrcik (2004), firm-level panel data was used in testing the productivity spillovers in Lithuania. The results revealed positive spillovers from FDI in upstream sectors but the positive productivity spillovers were associated with partially owned foreign investments. Such existence of vertical spillovers has also been provided by Blalock and Gertler (2004) and Schoores and van der Tol (2001).Although most of the articles have a common idea on the existence of vertical spillovers, they cannot pop off agreements in some questions, such as whether there are some positive spillovers carried by FDI in upstream industries. Javrcik and Spatareanu (2005) gave a theoretical assumption that if multinationals can benefit from the better performance of intermediate input suppliers, they would not take measures to prevent productivity spillovers from happening. Thus, a spillovers-channel would be established between foreign companies and their suppliers belonging to local firms. In their opinion, positive effects of FDI might take place in upstream industries as the foreign companies would impose an increasing demand and better quality of intermediate products, such requirements would stimulate local suppliers to improve their technology in productive activity, meanwhile, they can benefits from scale economies. It seems reasonable but is not always the case in reality. Lipsey (2002) in his article cited an unpublishe d paper written by Aitken and Harrison (1991), which showed negative effects of foreign direct investment in an industry on productivity in upstream industries in Venezuela (p.41). They also provided a possible reason that foreign firms shift the demand for intermediate inputs from domestic to foreign producers, reducing the scale of output, and there fore productivity, in domestic production (p.41).Other factors that could influent spillovers are also existent. Xu (2000) used data from 1966 to 1994 of US manufacturing MNCs in 40 countries to investigate whether MNCs can help international technology diffusion. The paper found a weak evidence of technology diffusion from US MNCs in less developed countries (LDCs). The explanation given by the author is most LDCs cannot reach a human capital threshold of about 1.9 years (in equipment casualty of male secondary school attainment) to benefit from technology transfer of US MNE affiliates (p. 491). A conclusion that the technology spill over effects brought by FDI are not significant in less developed countries could be abstracted from this paper.Some studies did support that local firms in developing countries can benefit from FDI, because productivity spillovers from foreign firms can help local firms to improve their existing technology as well as achieve scale economies. However, in more cases, the spillovers are not significant, even negative. So we can not make a simple conclusion as whether the positive spillovers are really existent is depend on different factors in different circumstances.4. FDI And Host Countrys Economic GrowthEconomic growth, which is a common objective for all developing countries, can be achieved from productivity spillovers. some(prenominal) authors have studied the interaction between FDI and economic growth in developing countries. De Mello (1999) found that spillovers of technology and knowledge from the foreign countries were two determinants of long-term growth in host countries and FDI has positive effects on economic growth in developing countries. Bende-Nabende (2001) used annual data from 1970 to 1996 studied on Asian countries and showed that in Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines there is a positive impact carried by FDI. Bengoa and Sanchez-Robles (2003) used data between 1970 and 1999 of Latin American countries and find that positive effect only take place in countries with more economic freedom. According to Kohpaiboon (2003) and Marwah and Tavakoli (2004), a positive correlation between FDI and GDP growth were showed in Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines. Moreover, several paper focused on FDI effect in China also reflected positive effect on economic growth (Vu et al., 2008, p. 546).However, not all the studies supported the positive effect of FDI in developing countries. In the research of Blomstrm, Lipsey, and Zejan (1994), developing countries were separated into two groups the higher income countries and the lower income countries -and rep orted that only the higher-income group FDI inflow lead to economic growth. Through the analysis on 69 developing countries in the period of 1970 to 1989, Carkovic and Levine (2002) used panel data to test the correlation between FDI and developing countries economic growth. The results showed that the effect of FDI inflows was not significant.The different methods and data choosing may lead to such different results. Some unknown factors would also affect the results. But they do not have so much impact to our conclusion. Based on the findings of previous studies, generally speaking, developing countries can benefit from FDI and achieve economic growth,5. terminalThe propose of this essay is try to estimate whether developing countries can get benefits from foreign direct investment. The effect of FDI has been classified into three aspects. Firstly, it is a universal phenomenon that the wages in foreign companies are higher than domestic companies. The FDI activity has a positive effect to the overall wage levels of the host countries, although wages spillovers to domestic companies are not always exist. Secondly, foreign companies have higher productivity than domestic companies can be supported by most of the available studies no matter what measures have been used. Although some findings reflected that local firms in developing countries can benefit from FDI by productivity spillovers, in more cases, the productivity spillovers are not significant, even negative. Thirdly, developing countries can benefit from FDI and achieve economic growth. Overall, we can get a positive conclusion that the host countries, especially the developing countries, can benefit from foreign direct investment.ReferencesAitken, B., Harrion, A., Lipsey, R. E., (1996) Wages and foreign ownership A comparative study of Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States, Journal of multinational political economy, Vol. 40 theme 3-4, pp.345-371 ScienceDirect Online. Available at http//www.sci encedirect.com/ (Accessed 20 December 2009)Bende-Nabende, A., (2001) FDI, regional economic integration and endogenous growth, some evidence from Southeast Asia, Pacific Economic Revies, Vol. 6 Issue 3, pp.383-399 InterScience Online. Available at http//www3.interscience.wiley.com / (Accessed 20 December 2009)Blalock, Garrick. Technology from Foreign Direct Investment Strategic Transfer through Supply Chains. 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